Causal Connectors in Albanian Language - Causal Conjunctions

Introduction

When it comes to analyzing the causal relationship, we analyze the causes, reasons and motives. In order to realize the causal relationships, we have presence of the connectors, adverbs and prepositions. In the structure of the causal relationships built with prepositions there is the companionship of a group that follows:

Preposition nominal group plays the role of the cause

Për shakak + grup emëror

Floqi ¹analyzes in details the subordinate connectors and causal relationships, so in this paper we will focus on the characteristics and their usage.

Because

The conjunction because grouped as a proposition, it is used for an unknown reason, because it is not known or can not be determined. ²

Because he loved her.

(Sepse e donte. )

Because I can not stand this.

(Sepse nuk duroj dot. )

Because is given as a causal conjunction, placed at the beginning of the subordinate sentence to show causal reason or cause of something like: because, for the reason, as.

She didn’t speak, because she was tired.

(Nuk foli, sepse ishte i lodhur. )

No one could hear him, because he was away.

(Nuk e dëgjoj njëri, sepse ishte larg. )

If we analyze attentively the adverb that in the case of using the "Albanian Language dictionary". Because I do not know. Because it can be replaced with: which is the reason / for what reason and in this case it is shown as a conjunction exp; I do not know the reason.

Furthermore, it is evident that because it is a causal connector and frequent use at the beginning of the sentence indicates text as a function connector. Because it is placed at the beginning of a sentence after a question.

Why should I forget, what in the day is done? - Said the priest.

( Përse duhet të harroj, atë që shkoj ditën?- tha prifti. )

Because we have a home with these miserable. ³

(Sepse ne kemi një atdhe me këta të mjerë. )

The conjunction because can be placed after a pause, (comma) or after a point. ⁴

Perhaps, because they just came out of the clash and they were wounded.

(Ndoshta, sepse ato porsa kishin dalë nga përleshja dhe ishin të plagosur. )

Pitt Mirna⁵ analysis the conjunction because as a subordinate conjunction, some of which are in the subordinate clause and in other cases followed by the main clause. The connection between these two cases manifest themselves in a linear way, it is typical of subordinate conjunctions that may even be at the beginning or after the main clause. On the other hand, the coordination conjunction gives the clause after the main one.

Because there was frost last night, the tomato plants have died.

(Sepse ishte ngricë mbrëmë, bimët e domates u thanë. )

The tomato plants have died because there was frost last night.

(Bimët e domates u thanë sepse ishte ngricë mbrëmë. )

The sentence begins with the subordinate conjunction and accompanied by commas before the main sentence, whereas in the second case because the subordinate sentence is set after the main one, even when it is accompanied by commas.

Because the weather is nice, I go out.

(Sepse është kohë e mirë, unë dal. )

I go out, because the weather is nice.

(Unë dal, sepse koha është e mirë. )

A distinction between coordination and subordinate conjunction with the articles is that the subordinate can be in the coordination one and the subordinate cannot.

Ohe should ask his opinion first, because he is the oldest member of the club and because he is also one of its founders.

(Pikë së pari Ohe duhet të kërkojë opinionin e tij, sepse ai është pjestari më i vjetër i grupit dhe sepse ai është gjithashtu një nga themeluesit e tij. )

The tomato plants have died because it has been freezing, and because they were in the wind.

(Bimet e domates u thanë sepse ka qenë ngricë, dhe sepse bimët ishin në erë. )

I will not go out, because I am ill and because I am still feverish.

(Unë nuk do të dal, sepse jam sëmurë dhe ende me ethe. )

She did not come, because she had no time, and because she is not interested in it anyway.

(Ajo nuk erdhi, sepse nuk pati kohë, dhe sepse nuk i interson aspak. )

Structural differences can be given in the clauses that are linked with subordinate conjunctions and that, and are seem as the coordinative conjunction.

Pitt⁶ calls subordinate conjunction "hybrid" and "pur sang" "Cleft" extra can be applied to subordinate conjunctions "genuine". ⁷

It is because he is fat that he is short of breath.

(Sepse është i shendoshë ka frymarrje të shkurtër. )

Ngaqë është i shendoshë ka frymarrje të shkurtër.

It is because he was eaten too much that he is sick.

(Për shkak se ka ngrënë shumë është sëmurë. )

Consider the case of an adverb, from it we can apply the case "genuine” “real”.

He has searched a new job, particularly because he thought he was not paid enough.

(Ai ka kërkuar për një punë të re, veçanërisht sepse mendonte se nuk paguhej mjaftueshëm. )

He went out, just because the doctor told him.

(Ai doli, vetëm sepse doktori i tha atij. )

These kinds of relationships listed above can give denial, the question the compound operator of quantitative and a sustainable word.

The usage of the connector because in its initial position, we note in response after a question in a conversation, when it is requested more clarification and in this structure, can be found in cases of the questions adverb why. In addition, this connector can also be found at the beginning of the sentence and this Ismail Kadare, has used it as a styling feature.

-Why they say "emerged partisan" Because... because it has gone out of the city. ⁸

(-Pse thonë “ ka dalë partisan” Sepse…sepse ka dalë nga qyteti. )

- Why I must get bored for those that went? - the priest said.

(- Përse duhet të harroj atë që shkoj ditën? – tha prifti. )

Because we have a home with these miserable.

(Sepse ne kemi një atdhe me këta të mjerë. ⁹)

She plucked hardly a handful of mud and said to herself: Ah, if I had been in army troops who had with him a shovel and dig fast, fast, fast.

Because there with feet hanging with a water mill, in there was laid down my close friend. ¹⁰ (Ajo shkulte me zor një grusht baltë dhe thoshte me vete: Ah, sikur të kisha qenë në trupat e xhenierve që të kisha me vete një lopatë dhe të germoja shpejt, shpejt, shpejt. Sepse atje pranë me këmbë të varura me një mulli me ujë, ishtë shtrirë përmbys shoku im i ngushtë. )

The connector because, as it found in the communication process as explained above but not always associated with an interrogative adverb with the progressive statements.

-Tak, Tak, tak: And when I returned, barely step off.

-Because it was the first time that I was opening the door with one hand - continued with a hidden ton of. ¹¹ (-Tak, tak, tak: Pastaj kur u ktheva, mezi hapa portën.

-Sepse ishte hera e parë që e hapja portën me një dorë,- vazhdoi me një ton të fshehetë. )

In Sweester studies we also look cases when adjectival uses of particles or correlative conjunction in sentences with the taking the record articles where by which a fact can be emphasized as the only factor can stand out among other possible causes. ¹²

Reinforcing particles precisely located before causal conjunction because it highlights a due fact.

I carried everything with great pleasure, just because I kept my interest secret.

(E kryeja çdo gjë me kënaqësi të madhe, pikërisht sepse e mbajta të fshehtë intersin tim. )

But the particles only or solely (supposedly) emphasizes the assertion of a fact due only to what is stated in the foremost.

He didn’t like her only because she had not finished the studies.

(Nuk e pëlqente vetëm sepse nuk kishte mbaruar studimet. )

On the other hand, the word maybe or supposedly give uncertainty or suspicion of a fact.

Ben Affleck is very serious these days. Speaks little heavier, the old jokes are missing.

Maybe he because just turned 40 and admits that he has been facing the fear of bad ideas, things that did not exist before in him. ¹³ (Ben Affleck është shumë serioz këto ditë. Të flet pak rëndë, janë zhdukur batutat dhe shakatë e dikurshme. Ndoshta, sepse sapo ka mbushur 40 vjeç dhe pranon se kjo e ka vënë përballë ideve të këqija të frikës, gjëra që më parë që nuk ekzistonin tek ai. )

The connector because is used on structures seen in elliptical sentences after the demonstrative adjective this.

It came with no expectations. That's because they had not explained the situation here.

(I erdhi pa pritur. Kjo sepse nuk ja kishin shpjeguar situatën. )

I can say that we have cooperated very well in team and we have realized a toned video.

I say this not because of me, but anyone who has seen it was wonderfully. ¹⁴ (Mund të them se kemi bashkëpunuar në ekip shumë të mirë dhe kemi realizuar një klip dinjitoz. Kjo jo sepse e them unë, po kushdo që e ka parë është mrekulluar. )

The connector because can be separated from causal sentence by sentence fixer:

When the boss rang frantically begin to fall, because we have to know, in our office there is a whole system of ringtones.

(Kur zilja e shefit filloj të bjerë me furi, sepse duhet ta dini, në zyrën tonë është një system i tërë zilesh. )¹⁵

A new information or based information that is known to the receiver of the text can be shown via connector because, for. Thus, in the following case, it is shown how the information about cause and effect are both new to the receiver of the text.

2011 is a special year for the Albanian Red Cross, because it marks the 90th anniversary of its creation.

Viti 2011 është një vit i veçantë për Kryqin e Kuq Shqipëtar, sepse shënon 90-vjetorin e krijimit të tij. ¹⁶

The following example will analyze at the known consequences but not the cause. Due to information obtained from the first connector viewed the information is known but previously issued a new information related cause that is for concern, about the fact that students will not have access to university education.

The Ministry of Education communicates the issue of free quotas for universities will accept students who are 20000 by 40000. For the opposition, it is worrisome because it can bully students apply abroad or remain without education.

(Ministria e Arsimit komunikon çështjen e kuotave të lira për universitetet studentët që do të pranohen janë 20000 nga 40000. Për opozitën kjo është shqetësuese sepse mund t’i detyroj studentët të aplikojnë jashtë vendit ose të mbeten pa shkollim. )¹⁷

That

Subordinate causal connector that is one of the most used one and expresses: a close cause, direct cause, or can be motivated an end or a supposition, a question, a claim conditional, it can justify the mention of any word or the other expression. ¹⁸

They didn’t go to the movies that they expect Tana’s phone call.

(Nuk shkuan në kinema se prisnin të telefononte Tana. )

This conjunction in terms of cause and effect is identical with the connector because and can be substituted for it.

This connector is ambiguous two ways of reading;

focus on the whole relationship falls

By way of reading is achieved by "hybrid" connectors

He didn’t go that sought. (But that was bothering)

Nuk iku se e kërkuan. ( Por se u mërzit)

He didn’t go that sought. (He doesn’t go if required)

Nuk iku se e kërkuan. (Nuk ikën nëse e kërkojnë)

Moreover, the structure when the answer why:

Why did it happen? –That I do not know.

(-Pse ndodhi? -Se nuk e di. )

This use at the beginning of the sentence that is more usable in speaking.

The example where the connector is placed on top of the sentence and realized with long pauses between sentences is given in the following sentence.

I do not talk to her anymore. That she offended me.

(Nuk i flas më. Se më ofendoj. )

They will hang out, that the rain stopped.

(Ato do të dalin, se shiu ndaloi. )

The realization of reading these statements is made in the following ways:

a) They shall hang out, and the reason for this is that the rain stopped.

b) I am convinced that emerge to hang out, and the reason for this is that the rain stopped.

c) I suppose that they go to a picnic, for the day is beautiful.

But if the causal vibrating positions changes and the causal relationship at the outset can not be read in this way.

That the rain stopped, they will hang out.

(Se shiu ndaloj, ato do të dalin. )

As explained this connector is not used in causal sentences, if the subordinate sentence is placed before the main one, but can establish another causal connecter because.

* That he later apologized.

(*Se vonë ai kërkoi ndjesë. )

Because of the free order, that is placed before the verb which is the most used position.

He apologized that he was late.

Ai kërkoi ndjesë se ishtë vonë.

He apologized that he was late.

(Ai kërkoi ndjesë se vonë ishte. )

The conjunction that can be used after a particle as what, supposedly, perhaps.

Exactly that it is scandalous, Trump policy is working.

(Pikërisht se skandaloz, politika e Trump po funksionon. )¹⁹

The United States alleged to have begun to transfer nuclear weapons from Turkey to Romania due to worsening relations between Ankara with Washington...

(Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës gjoja se kanë filluar të transferojnë armët atomike nga Turqija në Rumani për shkak të keqësimit të marrëdhënieve ndërmjet Washingtonit e Ankarasë…)²⁰

Maybe that you know, but today is the richest footballer in the world.

(Ndoshta se njihni, por sot është futbollisti më i pasur në botë. )²¹

The connector that can be shown that the cause and effect are both new to the recipient in case the text below is provided in the foreground as new information why the Albanian society is in the grip of a strong crisis of confidence.

In fact it is very upsetting, are unthinkable the measures of such crime..... These show that the Albanian society is in the grip of a strong crisis of mistrust, support and security.

(Në fakt është shumë tronditëse, janë të paimagjinueshme për masat e këtij lloj krimi….. Këto tregojnë se shoqëria shqiptare është e mbërthyer nga një krizë e fortë mungese besimi, mbështetje dhe sigurie. )²²

Obviously not a diary, that as I said earlier, I would write something else.....

(Natyrisht jo një ditar se siç e thashë më parë, diçka tjetër do të shkruaja….. )

I asked for Vera, that she is not related to her....

(Për Verën të kam pyetur, se nuk e ka gjë ajo…. )²³

In this case the information provided above sentences tied to the connector that is known by the receiver of the text. Warnings by using the expression as I said that the treated information is considered as known by the speaker.

Conclusions

According to the analysis conducted in connection with the relation to the structure of information, it may be seen the connector because, for with high flexibility connector, after realizes expressed various relations known and unknown cause-effect.

The connector because there is a high usage compared to other connectors, in answer to questions with the interrogative adverb why though it seems clear that the recipient source wants to know more information to the cause, which may be related with morphological construction of this connector (that+ though ) though - it is an integral part for adverb.

In the second part of the paper, the connector that regarding to the relationship of the structure of the information realizes the expression of different relationships, known and unknown causal. According to the sentence given note the use of this connector at the beginning of the sentence and the sentence topic.

Bibliography