Sustainable Opportunities of Educational Facilities Provided to the Imprisoned Women’s Children in Karachi’s Central Jail

Introduction

This research emphasizes on the sustainable opportunities of educational facilities, importance and availability of children education system improvement and development that are in prison along with their mothers. Whether in Pakistan the law exist from beginning, to protect the imprison children’s educational rights and that principle is being dynamically implemented also. This research will give a brief review regarding the topic along with its comparison to other countries as well.

Further, the Pakistan’s Law and Justice Commission Secretariat have got many reports and recommendations from the general public and the NGOs that the system of Karachi Central Jail requires improvement with a notion to improve the bad condition of prison inmates (Riaz & Agha, 2011). Recommendation for improving the system of Karachi Central Jail by the Jail training institutes, Pakistan’s Human rights and council of Islamic ideology were very useful.

Aims and Objectives

The aims and objectives of this study are as follows:

To ascertain the importance of educational facilities to the children of imprison women

To identify the availability of educational facilities in Karachi Central Jail

To analysis the condition in which children live in prison

To examine the government projects related to the educational facilities of the children of imprison women

Research Questions

Research questions are as follows:

• Why educational facilities are important for the children of imprisoned women?
• How Pakistan’s government makes it possible for the children to attain the educational facilities?
• To what extent children can avail the educational facilities in Jail?

Problem Statement

In a general, children living in jail with their mothers must not be treated as a prisoner and must get educational facilities. Unfortunately children of imprison women are not getting appropriate educational facilities which they required for their bright future (Riaz& Agha, 2011). As in world’s several prisons it is usually suggested that the provision of health care with the sufficient recreational facilities including education be proffered to the children imprisoned with their mothers.

Scope of the Study

This research has provided a review of relevant literature that is helpful for the developmental research and embryonic planning for dealing the increasing issues of the children of imprisoned women.

Methodology

The data was collected from the primary research. For the purpose of the research questionnaires have been distributed, interview has been conducted and survey has been done. The interviews were taken by the jail authorities and prisoners and the questionnaires were also distributed among them. The aim of this research was to comprehend the educational needs of the children imprisoned with their mothers in the Central Jail of Karachi. This study has also recommended concrete intervention and initiatives that can improve the availability of the educational facilities.

Data Collection

The study employed a descriptive and exploratory approach to comprehend the authenticity of the children of imprisoned women in the central jail of Karachi. For the combination of the qualitative methods observations and semi-structured interviews has been taken and for the purpose of the quantitative methods survey has been done and questionnaires were distributed. The survey has been done for five days and administered appropriately and the questionnaires contain easy questions in order to allow the jail authorities and imprisoned women to feel ease while filling the questionnaire.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed by implementing SPSS in order to get the accurate outcomes.

Research Ethics

Permission was taken before entering the Central Jail of Karachi and every person including women detainees and the jail authorities who were involved in this study for the purpose interview and survey were guaranteed that their identity will be confidential.

Limitations

Limitations comprised a strict schedule for the research completion an unexpected situation for instance delay in getting authorization for the visits.

Theoretical Framework

Literature Review

In the recent past the development has led most of the people to violence, disparities, violence and chaos. Indifferent and unplanned chase of the growth have been reason for society disorder and chaos (Ali & Shah, 2011). According to Goshin, Byrne & Henninger, (2014), in the country much of the crime can be characterized to the problem raised by the execution of the development. As per, Arons, et. al, (2014), lack of advantages and benefits and chase of developed usually led to difference and resulting in the increasing rate of criminality.

Karachi Central Jail Authorities

Additionally, in spite of the assurance from the jail authorities, it was observed that in Central jail of Karachi there were not sufficient educational facilities available to the development and track growth of children of imprisoned women (Ali & Shah, 2011). According to Goshin, Byrne & Henninger, (2014), a child who grows in the most secure surrounding at his or her early age is likely to grow into an adult who is emotionally capable.

Educational Facilities Laws

According to Goshin, Byrne & Henninger, (2014), whilst, a child who is not getting this kind of environment which is secure at his or her early age of life would seem to become depressive, instable, thus via lessening their capability to tackle with the ups and downs of life consequently making them more susceptible to criminality. Since kids learn a lot from their observation, an environment of a prison has terrible impact on their socialization (Achakzai&Bukhari, 2012). So, it is important to comprehend that children of imprison women must get sufficient educational facilities.

Educational Facilities

Though, an overall observation of the Karachi central jail environment was that the authorities carried a quite friendly atmosphere and provide educational facilities to the children (Embassy, 2015). Hellerstedt, (2015), identified that jail authorities gave credit for proffering educational facilities to different NGOs and Early Learning Centre (ELC) which was inaugurated by Legal Aid Office (LAO). It is the project which is founded by the government of Pakistan and run under the supervision of the prisoners’ welfare committee that has been since the year 2004 for the rights of prisoners.

Cohen, (2014), explored that ELC operates in a way which is similar to the Montessori system with the prospectus for the children. They have designed the whole prospectus separate from the other schools, bearing in mind the surrounding that these kids are in. ELC teachers trained the kids three to four days before to the commencement for a short performance which included learning poems (Achakzai, n. d).

Children

The initial experiences of a baby have a lifetime affects on their emotional and mental health. Also, some studies identified that more than 80 percent of long term prisoners have affections issues that develop from their childhood; this is now proof to recommend that one can forecast two thirds potential criminals by observing the behaviour at two years of age (Achakzai&Bukhari, 2012). As per, Arons, et. al, (2014), if someone wants to change their society for the country’s betterment, they should emphasis on the important period between the beginning and the two years of age. Realities of children of imprisoned women have discussed the threats of prison environment on the children, it is very significant to emphasis on the most feasible ways to proffer these children a positive surrounding and educational facilities, therefore allowing them to stay optimistic and become creative, productive as well as Pakistan’s law abiding citizens (Bhandari, 2015).

Availability of Educational Facilities Provided to the Children of Imprisoned Women in Australian Jail

Six states of Australia and two territories implement their own governmental structures in association to the disciplinary facilities that they control (Jiang &Winfree, 2006). Provision of education facilities is made in the legislation and policies of all six states of Australia for the education accommodation of the children of imprisoned women. The customary directions for corrections in the states of Australia that if educational facilities provision is made for the children to exist in along with their main custodian in jail, clear and well planned structured strategies and schemes must be created where the education of the children of imprisoned women are paramount (Murray, Farrington &Sekol, 2012).

Furthermore, ACT the Australian Capital Territory has explained procedures and rules associated to the children living in with the imprisoned mothers in the particular ACT prison (Bagnall, et. al, 2015). Cohen, (2014), explored that female prisoners who are the caretakers of the children and their education facilities are allowed to participate in the children educational provision programs.

Availability of Educational Facilities Provided to the Children of Imprisoned Women in Indian Jail

The research reported that children of women prisoner in Uttar Pradesh are deprived of fundamental minimum accommodation of educational facilities. Committee of Justice Lyer investigated the conditions of educational facilities provided to the children of imprisoned women (Kouyoumdjian, et. al 2015). This committee examined that the children were cruelly placed in the jails in common except in some women central jails where the educational facilities was adequate. Though, there is scarcity of pragmatic data and literature on the issues of educational facilities provision to the children (Easteal, et. al, 2015).

The committee of Justice Lyer stated that the facilities of education and re-education for the children were most abandoned aspect in the prison (Saxena, Messina &Grella, 2014). The facilities for vocational training, recreational facilities and the educational facilities for the children are very limited as well which is very alarming situation for the development of the country (Dawson, Jackson &Nyamathi, 2012).

In India women are participating in most of the political insulations, economic and a societal sphere has elevated to higher level (Shortt, et. al, 2014). So, due to this reason, the graph of women involvement in the criminal activities has been increased in the country. Now, the women are imprisoned in the jail in heavy amount. However, the amount of the women detainees is changing since mostly prisoners are under trial procedure.

Shlafer, et. al, (2013), stated that, though, the quantity of the children who are living with their imprisoned mothers is high in some Uttar Pradesh jails. Incarceration of the mother with their young children is an extremely difficult issue. These kids are enforced to spend their childhood with their mothers in jail with other female suspects and criminals as well in a badly unfavourable condition (Brown, 2014).

Percentage of the problems that are faced by children of imprisoned Women in Central Jail of Karachi

a. Predictors: (Constant), imprisoned women

b. Dependent Variable: education facilities

Results and Analysis

Statistics of the various types of problems and issues faced by imprisoned women’s children

The value of regression is. 773^{a (}which denotes that (the outcomes of the questionnaire was (negative and also identified that educational facilities in the Central Jail of Karachi needs appropriate monitoring and more investment for the fulfilment of educational goals and objectives.

Conclusion and Recommendations

This research has discussed the availability and the importance of educational facilities to the children of imprisoned women in Central Jail of Karachi and has identified that the government is working hard for the development of those children since 2004. It was also identified that the security condition within and around the Karachi Central Jail plays a vital role in determining smooth operations of proffering educational facilities to the children.

In addition, it is also identified that the authorities of Karachi central jail environment carried a quite friendly atmosphere and provide educational facilities to the children. Jail authorities gave credit for proffering educational facilities to different NGOs and Early Learning Centre (ELC) which was inaugurated by Legal Aid Office (LAO). It is the project which was founded by the government of Pakistan and run under the supervision of the prisoners’ welfare committee that has been since the year 2004 for the rights of prisoners. Also, the school functions in association with the administration of the prison and Prison Inspector General, therefore if there is any issue related to the security they have a system where the management of school informed earlier. Due to this facility the schooling system is running smoothly.

Recommendations

Recommendations for the smooth availability of educational facilities to the children are as follows:

Accelerate the proposal of teachers in every female prison facilities.

Monetary provisions should be made for the stipulation of the education kits which includes books, uniforms and school bags for the children so as to imitate and endeavour the environment of the schools in the Karachi Central Jail.

Books must be incorporated in appropriately.

Establish library inside the jail so that future imprisoned women’s children will be able to take advantage from the educations and books. Budget must be assigned on the regular basis.

References